{"id":27722,"date":"2024-07-18T10:13:59","date_gmt":"2024-07-18T14:13:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/?p=27722"},"modified":"2024-09-09T12:14:00","modified_gmt":"2024-09-09T16:14:00","slug":"aplicaciones-de-red-400g-zrx","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/es\/400g-zrx-network-applications\/","title":{"rendered":"400G ZRx Parte 2: Navegando la pr\u00f3xima ola"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"27722\" class=\"elementor elementor-27722\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ede07fd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ede07fd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b56998 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6b56998\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/400g-zrx-explore-the-possibilities\/\">Part 1 of our 400G ZRx blog series<\/a>, we shared the basics of what <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/400g-zrx-explore-the-possibilities\/#:~:text=400G%20ZRx%20optics%20are%20a%20family%20of%20pluggable%20coherent%20DWDM%20transceivers%20where%20the%20ZRx%20term%20refers%20to%20design%20variations%20including%20different%20types%20of%20Tx%20power%2C%20Forward%20Error%20Correction%20(FEC)%2C%20data%20rates%2C%20and%20applications.\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">400G ZRx<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> is and what types of products fall into this category. Now we\u2019re ready to dig further into this exciting coherent technology looking at various 400G ZRx network applications including grey links, amplified vs unamplified, and power link budget calculations. The applications enabled by <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/400g-zrx-explore-the-possibilities\/#:~:text=400G%20ZRx%20Transceiver%20Solutions\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">400G ZRx products<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> represent a significant advancement in optical networking technology, enabling faster, more efficient, and scalable solutions to meet the demands of modern data-intensive applications and services.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559739&quot;:160}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h2><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Grey + Unamplified Links for 400G ZRx<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559739&quot;:160}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A grey link is just a straight fiber link, point-to-point, with no DWDM MUX\/DEMUX (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing\/Demultiplexing)\u00a0 and no amplification. With 400G ZRx optics such as the ones we presented <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/400g-zrx-explore-the-possibilities\/#:~:text=400G%20ZRx%20Transceiver%20Solutions%3A%20A%20Practical%20Guide\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">previously<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, a grey link can be formed and a simple power link budget calculated as follows by subtracting the receiver (RX) sensitivity from the transmitter (TX) output power:<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Power Link Budget =\u00a0 (TX Power) \u2013 (RX Sensitivity)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559739&quot;:160}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PRE-QSFP56DD-ZR \u2192<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0-10 dBm \u2013 (-18 dBm) = 8 dB<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559739&quot;:160}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PRE-QSFP56DD-ZRHT \u2192<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a00 dBm \u2013 (-20 dBm) = 20 dB<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559739&quot;:160}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PRE-QSFP56DD-ZRXT \u2192<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> +4 dBm \u2013 (-20 dBm) = 24 dB<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559739&quot;:160}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">To estimate the distance attainable for a particular grey link, one must also consider factors such as fiber loss as shown below in Table 1. Here we have estimated, for example, a loss level of 0.25 dB\/km for older fiber out in the field. For newer fiber, such as one we have in our lab (no splices, no issues, new untouched fiber) we can represent the loss as ~0.2 dB\/km. And then estimating the typical or average value for fiber loss at DWDM C-band, we\u2019ll use 0.22 dB\/km. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559739&quot;:160}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-28248 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Image-9-6-24-at-2.34\u202fPM-1024x357.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Image-9-6-24-at-2.34\u202fPM-1024x357.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Image-9-6-24-at-2.34\u202fPM-300x105.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Image-9-6-24-at-2.34\u202fPM-768x268.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Image-9-6-24-at-2.34\u202fPM-18x6.jpeg 18w, https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Image-9-6-24-at-2.34\u202fPM-600x209.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Image-9-6-24-at-2.34\u202fPM-64x22.jpeg 64w, https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Image-9-6-24-at-2.34\u202fPM.jpeg 1136w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Table 1\u00a0 <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Theoretical Max Distance(km) for Link Budget vs Fiber Loss<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">We then calculated the theoretical Max Distance attainable in km for each combination of link budget and fiber loss for each 400G ZRx module shown in Table 1.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;335559739&quot;:160}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h2><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">DWDM Unamplified Links for 400G ZRx<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559739&quot;:160}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A slightly different application to consider is an unamplified grey link with MUX\/DEMUX added to the system. For the sake of simplicity we are using the TX and RX specs when using the 400G OFEC DP-16QAM application from a PRE-QSFP56DD-ZRPHT. Lower data rate applications can have better power link budget margins.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559739&quot;:160}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A basic power link budget calculation can be made as in this example:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559739&quot;:160}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>PRE-QSFP56DD-ZRPHT \u2192 +1 dBm \u2013 (-22 dBm) = ~23 dB\u00a0<\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">And then we need to consider the MUX\/DEMUX insertion losses (IL) from both sides of the link and factor those into our calculation. Table 2 shows the Theoretical Max Distance in km obtainable for different combinations of Link budget vs Fiber Loss using different MUX+DEMUX configurations with PRE-QSFP56DD-ZRPHT (@400G OFEC DP-16QAM) transceivers on each side:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559739&quot;:160}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-27727 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Image-7-18-24-at-9.54\u202fAM.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1090\" height=\"464\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Image-7-18-24-at-9.54\u202fAM.jpeg 1090w, https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Image-7-18-24-at-9.54\u202fAM-300x128.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Image-7-18-24-at-9.54\u202fAM-1024x436.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Image-7-18-24-at-9.54\u202fAM-768x327.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Image-7-18-24-at-9.54\u202fAM-18x8.jpeg 18w, https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Image-7-18-24-at-9.54\u202fAM-600x255.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Image-7-18-24-at-9.54\u202fAM-64x27.jpeg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1090px) 100vw, 1090px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Table 2\u00a0 <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Theoretical Max Distance(km) for Link Budget vs Fiber Loss\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">for various MUX+DEMUX Configurations<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">As an example as seen from the table, using PRE-QSFP56DD-ZRPHT transceivers, and an 8 channel MUX+DEMUX, you would be able to reach between ~70 to 80\u00a0 km unamplified, point to point.\u00a0 <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559739&quot;:160}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h2><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Amplified Links<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559739&quot;:160}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Next we\u2019ll look at amplified links in which we typically will have DWDM MUX\/DEMUX (either passive or via ROADMs) plus some sort of amplification, typically EDFA (Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier) or Raman amplifiers.\u00a0 <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559739&quot;:160}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-27725 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Image-7-18-24-at-9.50\u202fAM.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1170\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Image-7-18-24-at-9.50\u202fAM.jpeg 1170w, https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Image-7-18-24-at-9.50\u202fAM-300x41.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Image-7-18-24-at-9.50\u202fAM-1024x140.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Image-7-18-24-at-9.50\u202fAM-768x105.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Image-7-18-24-at-9.50\u202fAM-18x2.jpeg 18w, https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Image-7-18-24-at-9.50\u202fAM-600x82.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Image-7-18-24-at-9.50\u202fAM-64x9.jpeg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, 1170px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Figure 1<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u00a0 Ex. 400G ZRx Application with DWDM MUX\/DEMUX and Amplification<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559739&quot;:160}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In this case we&#8217;re going from a power link budget calculation to an OSNR(Optical Signal to Noise Ratio) link budget calculation. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The OSNR will be degraded by the noise figure (NF) of each amplifier included in the optical network design. <\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Key parameters\u00a0 for this type of optical network design include:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a.) TX output power<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559739&quot;:160}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">b.) Transmitter OSNR<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559739&quot;:160}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">c.) OSNR tolerance at the Receiver<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559739&quot;:160}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">d.) Chromatic Dispersion tolerance at the Receiver<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559739&quot;:160}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-27724 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/400GzrxBlogFigure2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"146\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/400GzrxBlogFigure2.png 400w, https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/400GzrxBlogFigure2-300x110.png 300w, https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/400GzrxBlogFigure2-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/400GzrxBlogFigure2-64x23.png 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"TextRun MacChromeBold SCXW61849604 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61849604 BCX0\">Figure <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61849604 BCX0\">2<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW61849604 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW61849604 BCX0\">Visual Representation of Amplification using an EDFA<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW61849604 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2,&quot;335559739&quot;:160}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In this scenario shown in Figure 2, you have several multiplexed signals as input into the amplifier. Those signals will go through an amplifier &#8212; in this case, an EDFA \u2013 and the all the signals are amplified, including the noise (as depicted by the grey area). For every amplifier in the network, the signal will be amplified along with the noise. Plus,\u00a0 the noise figure of each amplifier will limit the OSNR after each amplification stage. So the OSNR budget keeps decreasing at each amplification span and that is ultimately THE main limitation on this type of network application. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>You may be wondering: which type of 400G ZRx transceiver do I use? When do I use it? Why for a particular application? That and more is covered in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/400g-zrx-part-3-the-which-when-and-why\/\">part 3 of our 400G ZRx blog series!\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In Part 1 of our 400G ZRx blog series, we shared the basics of what 400G ZRx is and what types of products fall into this category. Now we\u2019re ready to dig further into this exciting coherent technology looking at various 400G ZRx network applications including grey links, amplified vs unamplified, and power link budget [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":27746,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[241,6,234],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27722","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-400g","category-blog","category-coherent"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27722","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/34"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27722"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27722\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27722"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27722"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.precisionot.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27722"}],"curies":[{"name":"Gracias","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}